Dr. Jeffrey Arle

MD, PhD, FAANS

Renowned neurosurgeon, educator, and visionary leader Dr. Jeffrey Arle is at the forefront of advancing neurosurgical care. With a distinguished career spanning education, clinical excellence, and administrative leadership, Dr. Arle has left an indelible mark on the field. From groundbreaking surgical innovations to shaping the future of neurosurgery through education, his commitment to excellence has inspired generations. Dr. Arle also spent 15 years in the Army Reserve and retired as a Lt. Colonel. Explore the legacy of a leader who has transformed neurosurgical practice.
Jeff Arle - Neurosurgeon

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Pioneering Neurosurgeon, Educator, and Administrative Leader

Dr. Jeffrey Arle MD, PhD, FAANS stands as a luminary in the field of neurosurgery, leaving his mark through exceptional contributions to patient care, education, and administrative leadership. His journey, marked by unwavering dedication, encompasses a wealth of achievements.

Education and Early Career:

Dr. Arle's academic journey commenced with distinction, earning a BA in BioPsychology, PreMed, from Columbia College in 1986. His commitment to medical excellence led him to the University of Connecticut, where he earned his MD in Medicine and a PhD in Biomedical Science under the mentorship of Dr. Duck O. Kim.

Postdoctoral Training and Specialization:

Post-education, Dr. Arle undertook transformative postdoctoral training, including an internship in General Surgery at the University of Pennsylvania and a residency in Neurosurgery at the same institution. A fellowship in Epilepsy Surgery and Movement Disorder Surgery at New York University further solidified his expertise in specialized neurosurgical techniques.

Academic Contributions:

Dr. Arle's commitment to education materialized through various faculty appointments. Beginning as an Assistant Professor of Neurosurgery at Tufts University School of Medicine in 1999, he ascended to become an Associate Professor and later contributed significantly to Harvard Medical School.

Clinical Excellence and Patient Care:

Dr. Arle's impact on patient care was profound, holding senior staff and physician positions at esteemed institutions, including Lahey Clinic, Emerson Hospital, Tufts New England Medical Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, and Mount Auburn Hospital.

Major Administrative Leadership Positions:

Beyond clinical and academic realms, Dr. Arle showcased remarkable administrative leadership. At Lahey Clinic, he served as the Director of Functional Neurosurgery and Director of Neurosurgery Research from 1999 to 2012. At Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, he assumed the role of Associate Chief of the Division of Neurosurgery from 2012 to 2022. Simultaneously, he held the prestigious position of Chief of Neurosurgery at Mount Auburn Hospital from 2014 to 2022, steering the department to new heights of excellence.

Research and Innovation:

Dr. Arle's pioneering research spans decades, with a focus on computational models of movement disorders, deep brain stimulation (DBS), and neurological circuitry. He has led numerous funded projects, from the Dana Trust-Wise Research Institute to collaborations with MIT and national studies like the St Jude Empower Study.

Current Endeavors:

Continuing his legacy, Dr. Arle is actively involved in ongoing projects funded by organizations such as the Sydney Foundation, LivaNova, Abbott Laboratories, Medtronic, Saluda Medical, and Closed Loop Solutions, Pty. His work includes computational modeling of spinal cord stimulation (SCS), vagus nerve stimulation for heart failure, and closed-loop systems for neurological disorders.

Legacy and Impact:

Dr. Jeffrey Arle's legacy transcends surgical innovations and educational contributions. His strategic administrative leadership has shaped the landscape of neurosurgery, fostering excellence in patient care, research, and medical education. As a visionary leader, he continues to inspire future generations of neurosurgeons.
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Curriculum Vitae

Updated: October 21, 2022

Quicklinks

Curriculum Vitae

Updated: October 21, 2022

Quicklinks

Textbooks

Print

  1. The Neuromodulation Casebook (Arle JE), 1st Edition, Elsevier-Academic Press, London), 2020.
  2. Innovative Neuromodulation (Arle JE), 1st Edition, Elsevier-Academic Press, London), 2017.
  3. Essential Neuromodulation (Arle JE and Shils JL (eds), 2nd Edition, Elsevier-Academic Press, London), 2022.
    1. Presentation and Discussion on VariLift-C as a Better Solution for Non-Contiguous and Adjacent Segment Anterior Cervical Fusion, Jeff Arle, MD, PhD, FAANS. @WenzelSpine on Youtube, published October 9 2020.
    2. Published Clinical Results with the VariLift-C System, Jeff Arle, MD, PhD, FAANS. @WenzelSpine on Youtube, published October 11 2020.
    3. What is VariLift-C - Providing an Overview of the Varilift-C System, Jeff Arle, MD, PhD, FAANS. @WenzelSpine on Youtube, published October 11 2020.
    4. Varilift-C Surgical Technique Review, Jeff Arle, MD, PhD, FAANS. @WenzelSpine on Youtube, published October 11 2020.

    Personal Publications

    Publications that are Part of the History of AI in Medicine

    • J Neurosurg. Neural network analysis of preoperative variables and outcome in epilepsy surgery
      Jeffrey E. Arle M.D., Ph.D. , Kenneth Perrine Ph.D. , Orrin Devinsky M.D. , and Werner K. Doyle M.D.
      Page Range: 998–1004
      Volume/Issue: Volume 90: Issue 6
      DOI link: https://doi.org/10.3171/jns.1999.90.6.0998

    • J Neurosurg.. 1997 May;86(5):755-61. doi: 10.3171/jns.1997.86.5.0755.
      Prediction of posterior fossa tumor type in children by means of magnetic resonance image properties, spectroscopy, and neural networks J E Arle 1, C Morriss, Z J Wang, R A Zimmerman, P G Phillips, L N Sutton
       PMID: 9126888 DOI: 10.3171/jns.1997.86.5.0755

    • Neural Network Predictions of Outcome from Posteroventral Pallidotomy
      Jeffrey E. Arle & Ron Alterman  -- in Conference proceedings© 2000
      Artificial Neural Networks in Medicine and Biology
      Proceedings of the ANNIMAB-1 Conference, Göteborg, Sweden, 13–16 May 2000 (eds Malmgren et al)
    Videos

    Education

    1986 BA BioPsychology, PreMed Columbia College
    1992 MD Medicine University of Connecticut
    1992 PhD Biomedical Science
    (Advisor: Duck O. Kim, DSc) University of Connecticut

    Postdoctoral Training

    06/92-06/93 Internship General Surgery University of Pennsylvania
    07/93-07/99 Residency Neurosurgery University of Pennsylvania
    07/96-06/97 Fellowship Epilepsy Surgery and Movement Disorder Surgery New York University

    Faculty Academic Appointments

    1999-2006 Assistant Professor Neurosurgery Tufts University School of Medicine
    2006-2012 Associate Professor Neurosurgery Tufts University School of Medicine
    2012-2013 Visiting Associate Professor Surgery Harvard Medical School
    2013-2022 Associate Professor Neurosurgery Harvard Medical School

    Appointments at Hospitals/Affiliated Institutions

    1999-2012 Senior Staff Neurosurgery Lahey Clinic
    1999-2012 Staff Physician Neurosurgery Emerson Hospital
    2009-2012 Staff Physician Neurosurgery Tufts New England Medical Center
    2010-2011 Consultant Physician Neurosurgery Boston Childrens Hospital
    2012-2022 Staff Physician Neurosurgery Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center
    2013-2022 Staff Physician Neurosurgery Mount Auburn Hospital

    Other Professional Positions

    2007-Present Consultant Private Industry
    2010-2012 Founder, Scientific Advisory Board SpineBridge
    2012-2019 Founder and Senior Managing Partner Engineurix, LLC
    2017-Present Medical Monitor for clinical study: Brighton Study- Evaluation of Closed-Loop Cervical Spinal Cord Stimulation Saluda Medical, PTY
    2019-Present Data Safety Officer for clinical study: Enhancing Physical Therapy: Noninvasive Brain Stimulation System for Treating Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (PIs: Wagner T and DiPietro L, Highland Instruments, Inc.) National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases
    2021-Present Founder and CEO Engineurix Corporation

    Major Administrative Leadership Positions

    Local
    1999-2012 Director, Functional Neurosurgery Lahey Clinic
    1999-2011 Director, Neurosurgery Research Lahey Clinic
    2012-2022 Associate Chief, Division of Neurosurgery Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center
    2014-2022 Chief, Neurosurgery Mt. Auburn Hospital

    Committee Service

    Local
    1999-2012 Institutional Review Board Lahey Clinic
    2003-2012 Organ Procurement Committee Lahey Clinic
    2008-2012 Operating Room Policy Committee Lahey Clinic
    2000-2008 Personnel Committee Lahey Clinic
    1999-2011 Research Day Review Member Lahey Clinic
    2010-2011 Chair, Plastic Surgery Chair Search Committee Lahey Clinic
    2012-2014 OR - Radiology Resource Management Committee Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center
    2013-2015 Organ Donation Council Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center
    2013-2015 Stroke Steering Committee Mt. Auburn Hospital
    2017-2019 Intraoperative Neurophysiology Use Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center
    2018-2019 Critical Care Committee Mt. Auburn Hospital
    2020-2021 Triage for IPH/SDH/EDG Mt. Auburn Hospital

    Regional
    2005-2008 Dissertation Committee Member (Shelly Levy-Tzadarek, PhD Candidate) Dept. of Biomedical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology

    International

    2005-2008 Dissertation Committee Member (Linda Postma, MD, PhD Candidate) Dept. of Biosciences - Neuroradiology (University of Maastricht)

    2016 Dissertation Committee Member (James Laird-Wah, PhD Candidate) Dept. of Biomedical Engineering (University of New South Wales - Sydney)

    Professional Societies

    1999- American Association of Neurological Surgeons Member-Fellow
    1999- Congress of Neurological Surgeons Member
    1999- North American Neuromodulation Society Member
    2013- Advocacy and Policy Committee Member
    2013-4 Scientific Program Committee Member
    2015-7 Abstract Reviewer, NANS Annual Meeting
    2015-6 CPT and Coding Representative
    1999- International Neuromodulation Society Member
    2013 Abstract Reviewer, INS Annual Meeting
    2015-7 Abstract Reviewers, INS Annual Meeting
    2019 Abstract Reviewer, INS Annual Meeting
    2016- Int. Glob/Mem/Adv. Committee
    2017- Co-Chair, Research and Scientific Policy Committee
    1999- American Epilepsy Society Member
    1999- American Society for Sterotactic and Functional Neurosurgery Member
    1999- World Society for Sterotactic and Functional Neurosurgery Member
    1999-2014 Movement Disorders Society Member
    2010-2022 International Society for Intraoperative Neurophysiology Board Member
    2016-2019 Board Member Chair, Bylaws
    2019-2022 Board Member Chair, AI
    2012- International Society for Restorative Neurology Member
    2020- Institute of Neuromodulation Member

    Editorial Activities

    Ad Hoc Reviewer

    1999- Associate Editor, Stereotactic and Functional Section Neurosurgery

    2011 Co-Editor with JL Shils Essential Neuromodulation; Elsevier - Academic Press, London

    2014- Associate Editor Neuromodulation

    2017 Co-Editor with JL Shils Innovative Neuromodulation; Elsevier - Academic Press, London

    2020- Associate Editor, Pain Section Neurosurgery

    2017-2022 Section Editor, Brain Neuromodulation

    2020-2022 Editor The Neuromodulation Casebook; Elsevier - Academic Press, London

    2020-2022 Co-Editor with JL Shils Essential Neuromodulation, 2nd edition; Elsevier - Academic Press, London

    Honors and Prizes

    Other Editorial Roles

    1999- Associate Editor, Stereotactic and Functional Section Neurosurgery
    2011 Co-Editor with JL Shils Essential Neuromodulation; Elsevier - Academic Press, London
    2014- Associate Editor Neuromodulation
    2017 Co-Editor with JL Shils Innovative Neuromodulation; Elsevier - Academic Press, London
    2020- Associate Editor, Pain Section Neurosurger
    2017-2022 Section Editor, Brain Neuromodulation
    2020-2022 Editor The Neuromodulation Casebook; Elsevier - Academic Press, London
    2020-2022 Co-Editor with JL Shils Essential Neuromodulation, 2nd edition; Elsevier - Academic Press, London

    Honors and Prizes

    1992 Upjohn Award for Excellence in Research University of Connecticut School of Research Medicine
    2004 Doctors of Excellence National Dystonia Foundation Clinical Excellence

    Reports of Funded and Unfunded Projects

    Past

    1991-2001 Computational Models of Movement Disorders and Seizure Circuitry Dana Trust-Wise Research Institute PI $45,000

    • This funding supported work on the development of software refinement and implementation of models of deep brain stimulation (DBS) electrodes and circuitry as well as preliminary groundwork for models of epilepsy circuitry.

    2000-2003 Computational Models of Movement Disorders Dana Trust-Wise Research Institute PI $32,000

    • This funding supported work on the development of further software refinement and implementation of models of DBS electrodes and circuitry involved in tremor and Parkinsons' Disease (PD).

    2001-2005 Computational Models of Movement Disorders Dana Trust-Wise Research Institute PI $30,000

    • This funding supported work on further implementation of models of the DBS electrodes and circuitry involved with PD and tremor within the subthalamic nucleus, globus palladium pars interna, and thalamus.

    2005-2008 VA-B3607R PI (site)

    • Collaboration study with robotics group at MIT examining the use of neuro-rehabilitative robots to explore motor activity and learning in PD DBS patients.

    2006-2008 Intradiskal Electrical Stimulation for Mechanical Back Pain in Pre-Fusion Patients Dana Trust-Wise Research Institute PI $96,000

    • This funding covered costs associated with clinical care for placement of intradiskal electrodes and follow-up assessments in these patients in a pilot study of this new therapeutic approach.

    2011-2012 St Jude Empower Study - Paddle Lead Therapy for Back and Leg Pain PI (site)

    • One of 15 sites nationally for paddle multi-contact assessment of spinal cord stimulation (SCS) therapy.

    2012-2015 'Innovate-HF' sponsored by BioControl Medical Co-Investigator

    • This study enrolls patients in 80 centers a prospective, randomised, controlled clinical study to determine the safety and efficacy of vagus nerve stimulation (with a new device called CardioFit) to improve heart function in patients with congestive heart failure.

    2013-2015 LiveNova - Grant PI $100,192.68

    • Finite Element Modeling of the Vagus Nerve, Stimulating Electrode, and related Seizure Control Circuitry.

    2013-2015 Boston Scientific - Grant PI $99,389

    • Computational Modeling of Related Circuitry and High Frequency Stimulation with Dorsal Column Stimulators.

    2013-2015 Wenzel Spine - Post-marketing Study Co-PI

    • Post-Marketing Study on the Use of the Varilift Device in the Cervical Spine.

    2013-2016 Wyss Institute - Project Status Co-Chief Medical Advisor

    • Novel Use of Unique Microexpandable Technology for Development of a Percutaneous Paddle Electrode for Dorsal Column Stimulation.

    2010-2017 Study of DBS Effects on Axons of Passage Co-PI

    • Examining the effect of DBS on fibers passing nearby the electrical field.

    2015-2017 Ethicon EVICEL Study PI (site) $39,262

    • Single-Blinded, Randomized, Controlled Study to Evaluate the Safety and Effectiveness of EVICEL Fibrin Sealant (Human) Compared to a Hydrogel Sealant as an Adjunct to Sutured Dural Repair.

    2016-2019 Understanding the Neural Basis of Volitional State Through Continuous Recordings in Humans NIH 1U01NS098968 Sub-Investigator (PI: Syd Cash, MD, PhD) U01 - sub-Investigator site $961,875

    • The goal of this project is to create platforms which allow the continuous acquisition of high-fidelity neural ensemble activity synchronized with behavioral data.

    2017-2020 Analysis and Review of Trigeminal Branch Stimulation for Atypical Facial Pain PI Internal - No funding needed

    • Unique technique for trial in atypical face pain and use of neuromodulation.

    2017-2019 Abbott Laboratories PI $85,000

    • Computational modeling and assessment of Burst and Burst-DR waveforms in SCS.

    Current

    2003-2022 Sydney Foundation PI $875,000 (cumulative)

    • Continued work in computational modeling of neural circuitry, waveforms, and target in Parkinsons' Disease and other Neurological Disorders.

    2021-2022 LivaNova Co-PI TBD

    • Study of Vagus Nerve Stimulation for Improvement of Symptoms in Heart Failure.

    2021-2022 Abbott Laboratories PI $45,000

    • Computational in SCS modeling Dorsal Horn Processing of Burst-DR waveforms.

    2021-2022 Medtronic PI $172,500

    • Computational Modeling Related to Evoked Compound Action Potentials for SCS.

    2021-2022 Saluda Medical PI $150,000

    • Computational Modeling and Analysis of ECAPS and Variants.

    2021-2022 Closed Loop Solutions Pty PI $65,000

    • Computational Modeling Related to Novel SCS for Parkinson's Disease.

    2021-2022 Closed Loop Solutions, PTY PI $55,000

    • Computational Assessment of Spinal Cord Circuitry Related to SCS Treatment of CP.

    Unfunded Current Projects

    2016-2022 Study of Intrinsic Mechanism of DBS for Tremor Co-PI

    • Examining Addition of Noise in Signal and Overall Change in Tremor Power as well as changes in LFG during DBS treatment for closed loop systems.

    2016-2020 NPc Analysis of Medicine and Medical Decisionmaking Co-PI

    • Assessment of medical diagnosis and treatment as an NP-complete form with critical analysis.

    2017- Analysis of Neural Circuitry Robustness in Relation to Complexity PI

    • Fundamental Basis to understand how increasing complexity in neural circuits leads to greater robustness.

    2020- Fundamental Aspects of SCS Waveform Efficiency PI

    Report of Local Teaching and Training

    Teaching of Students in Courses

    1990   Fundamental Issues in the Structures and Uses of Parallel Processing, second year seminar on computers in medicine   University of Connecticut School of Medicine (2 hrs.)

    1990   Introduction and Foundations of Computational Neuroscience as a Research Discipline, introductory graduate neurosciences course   University of Connecticut School of Medicine (2 hrs.)

    2000-2008   Functional Neurosurgery, 4th year Medical Students   Tufts University School of Medicine, Small Grounds 1 hr. - 2x/year

    2008   The Thalamus, 2nd year Medical Students   Tufts University School of Medicine, 1 class x 1 hr.

    Formal Teaching of Residents, Clinical Fellows and Research Fellows (post-docs)

    2012   History and Mechanisms of VNS, Neurology residents and medical students

    • Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center | 1 lecture x 1 hr.

    2013   Overview of Surgery for Epilepsy, Epilepsy fellows, faculty, and residents

    • Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center | 2 lectures x 1 hr.

    2013-   Neurosurgery Journal Club Lectures - twice per year in Neuromodulation and Pain, Neurosurgery fellows, faculty, and residents

    • Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center | 1 lecture x 1 hr. twice per year

    2014   Mechanisms of Action in Spinal Cord Stimulation, Pain Fellowship Program

    • Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center | 1 lecture x 1 hr.

    2016   History and Mechanisms of VNS Neurology, Residents and Medical Students

    • Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center | 1 lecture x 1 hr.

    2016-   Overview of Surgery for Epilepsy, Epilepsy fellows, faculty, and residents

    • Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center | 2 lectures x 1 hr.

    Clinical Supervisory and Training Responsbilities

    1999-2012 Clinical Oversight, Senior Resident in Neurosurgery + Transitional Resident in Neurosurgery 2-8 hrs./week

    2015-2022 Training and Clinical Oversight of Neurosurgery Spine Fellow Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center 10 hrs./week

    2017-2022 Training and Clinical Oversight of Neurosurgery Residents Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center 10 hrs./week

    Laboratory and Other Research Supervisory and Training Responsibilities

    1999-2012 Research Oversight and Guidance, Supervision of RAs

    Lahey Clinic, Computational Neuroscience Lab | 11 hrs./week
    2012-2022 PI, Research Oversight and Management of Computational Neuroscience Lab

    Mentored Trainees and Faculty

    2009 Felix Njap, MSc, MBA, PhD / Research Facilitator and Business Analyst at the Milton Education, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada. Career stage: PhD candidate, Lab of Ulrich Hoffman, PhD, University of Lubeck Institute for Signal Processing. Mentoring role: co-advisor during PhD graduate work.

    2009-2013 Nicolae Iftimia, BA / PhD candidate, Michael Caplan Lab, Yale University School of Medicine. Career stage: undergraduate student, Brandeis University. Mentoring role: direct oversight, supervision and advising during summer research on spinal cord modeling and senior thesis.

    2011-2013 Chris Alvarez. Career stage: undergraduate student, Johns Hopkins. Mentoring role: direct oversight, supervision, and advising during summer research on modeling of epilepsy circuitry.

    Local Invited Presentations

    No presentations below were sponsored by 3rd parties/outside entities.
    1993 Current Theory and Practice for Head Injury. Surgery Intern Basic Science Symposium, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.

    1997 The Pallidotomy as a Treatment for Parkinson's Disease. OR Nursing Staff, The Hospital for Joint Diseases - New York University, New York, NY.

    2006 Interfacing with the Nervous System: Stimulators - Where we put them and Why. Department of Nursing, Lahey Clinic, Burlington, MA.

    2009 Overview of Functional Neurosurgery. Neurosciences Grand Rounds, Tufts-New England Medical Center, Boston, MA.

    2011 Overview of Neuromodulation. Neurosciences Grand Rounds, Tufts-New England Medical Center, Boston, MA.

    2012 Overview of Neuromodulation. Neurology Grand Rounds, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA.

    2012 Neuromodulation Lecture. Neurosurgery Midlevels, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA.

    2012 Computational Modeling Related to Neuromodulation Procedures and Devices. Cosyne Conference, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.

    2015 Open Question and Answer on Spinal Cord Stimulation: Mechanisms and Current Therapy Issues. MGH Pain Grand Rounds, Boston, MA.

    2015 How Neuromodulation Devices Can Help Manage Pain Conditions in Your Practice: Spine, Head and Face Post-Stroke, Periphery, Other. MGH Pain Grand Rounds, Needham, MA.

    2015 How Neuromodulation Devices Can Help Manage Pain Conditions in Your Practice: Spine, Head and Face, Post-Stroke, Periphery, Other. MGH Pain Grand Rounds, Boston, MA.

    Report of Regional, National, and International Invited Teaching and Presentations

    The presentations below that were sponsored by 3rd parties/outside entities are so noted, and the sponsors are identified.

    Regional

    2003 Talk - (invited) Mechanisms of DBS, Neural Simulation and Field Solutions for DBS Electrodes. Matson Memorial Lecture, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.

    2003 Talk - (invited) Deep Brain Stimulation - Lahey Clinic Experience. American Academy of Professional Coders Regional Meeting, Lahey Clinic, Burlington, MA.

    2006 Talk - (invited) Interfacing with the Nervous System: Stimulators - Where we put them and Why. American Academy of Professional Coders Regional Meeting, Lahey Clinic, Burlington, MA.

    2007 Talk - (invited) Overview of DBS Neurosurgery. American Society of Neurophysiological Monitoring Northeast Regional Meeting, Burlington, MA.

    2007 Talk - (invited) Decisionmaking in Neurosurgery Using IOM. American Society of Neurophysiological Monitoring Northeast Regional Meeting, Burlington, MA.

    2008 Spinal Cord Stimulation, >5 course director or faculty at Fellows cadaver teaching courses for St Jude Medical or Boston Scientific (2 days each, 8 hrs. each day)

    Sponsor: St Jude Medical/Boston Scientific
    2014 Talk - (invited) How Neuromodulation Devices Can Help Manage Pain Conditions in Your Practice - Spine, Head and Face, Post-Stroke, Periphery, Other. Harvard Vanguard-Atrius, Neurosurgery Practice Symposium, Boston, MA.

    2018 Talk - (invited) Pain: Current Therapies and Devices. Northeastern University Bioengineering Graduate Course, Boston, MA.

    2019 Talk - (invited) Pain: Current Therapies and Devices. Northeastern University Bioengineering Graduate Course, Boston, MA.

    2019 Talk - (invited) Movement Disorders and Epilepsy Therapies. Northeastern University Bioengineering Graduate Course, Boston, MA.

    National

    2007 Talk - (invited) Motor Cortex Stimulation for Complex Pain and Movement Disorders. American Society of Neurophysiological Monitoring Annual Meeting, Chicago, IL.

    2007 Talk - (invited) Overview of Functional Neurosurgery. Department of Neurology, Madigan Army Medical Center, Ft. Lewis, WA.

    2008 Talk - (invited) Decisionmaking in DBS Surgery using MER. American Association of Neurological Surgeons Annual Meeting, Chicago, IL.

    2009 Talk - (invited) Decisionmaking in DBS Surgery using MER. American Association of Neurological Surgeons Annual Meeting, San Diego, CA.

    2010 Talk - (invited) Overview of Spinal Cord Stimulation. Joint American Association of Neurological Surgeons/Congress of Neurological Surgeons Biennial Pain Symposium, Philadelphia, PA.

    2010 Talk -- EMG-Stimulation Technique for Placement of Dorsal Column Stimulators: Technique and Mechanism. American Society for Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery, New York, NY.

    2010 Talk -- DBS Field Effect on Transiting Axons. American Society for Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery, New York, NY.

    2011 Talk -- Scar Formation and Dorsal Column Stimulation Patterns. North American Neuromodulation Society, Las Vegas, NV.

    2012 Talk -- DBS and MCS, AANS Practical Course for Neuromodulation. American Association of Neurological Surgeons Annual Meeting, Miami, FL.

    2012 Talk -- Mechanism of Therapeutic Benefit with Dorsal Column Stimulation Using a Computational Model of the Spinal Cord. American Society for Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery, San Francisco, CA.

    2012 Talk -- Localized Stimulation and Recording in the Spinal Cord with Microelectrode Arrays. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, San Diego, CA.

    2012 Talk -- DBS and MCS; Techniques and Nuances. American Association of Neurological Surgeons Annual Meeting Practical Session, Miami, FL.

    2013 Talk (invited) - The Decision Interface: Surgeon, Neurophysicist, and Making the Best Decisions During Surgery, American Clinical Neurophysiology Society, Miami, FL.

    2013 Moderator (invited) - Two Sessions, Society of Neurophysiological Monitoring, Boston, MA.

    2013 Talk (invited) - Spinal Cord Stimulation Therapy and the Circuitry of the Spinal Cord, American Society of Neurophysiological Monitoring, Boston, MA.

    2013 Talk (invited) - The IOM Interface in Functional Neurosurgery: Surgeon, Neurophysiologist, and Making the Most of the Relationship, American Society of Neurophysiological Monitoring, Boston, MA.

    2013 Talk (invited) - Neurostimulation for Facial Pain Practical Course in Neurostimulation for Residents, American Association of Neurological Surgeons, New Orleans, LA.

    2013 Panel Member (invited) - Day long special program on Innovation and the Neurosurgeon, American Association of Neurological Surgeons, New Orleans,LA.

    2013 Talk (invited) - Cortical and Deep Brain Stimulation for Pain, American Association of Neurological Surgeons, New Orleans, LA.

    2013 Talk -- Potential Mechanisms of High-Frequency and Burst Sub-Perceptual Threshold Stimulation - Different Fiber Recruitment, North American Neuromodulation Society, Las Vegas, NV.

    2013 Talk -- Potential Mechanisms of High-Frequency and Burst Sub-Perceptual Threshold - Inhibition of WDR Cells, North American Neuromodulation Society, Las Vegas, NV.

    2014 Talk -- High Frequency Stimulation in the Dorsal Column - Relationship to Gate Subcomponent Dynamics, American Society for Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery, Washington, DC.

    2015 Talk (invited) - Spinal Cord Stimulation and Low Back Pain: Why and How would Waveform Matter?, North American Neuromodulation Society, Las Vegas, NV.

    2015 Talk (invited) - Mechanism of High Frequency Spinal Cord Stimulation - Fiber Selectivity, SCS Mechanism Meeting/Symposium, Dallas, TX.

    2016 Talk (invited) - Intraoperative Neurophysiology in Neuromodulation Procedures, American Clinical Neurophysiology Society, Orlando, FL.

    2016 Talk (invited) - Spinal Cord Stimulation and Low Back Pain: Why and How would Waveform Matter?, Congress of Neurological Surgeons, San Diego, CA.

    2017 Talk (invited) - Spinal Cord Stimulation: So, How Does It Work?, Spine Intervention Society, San Francisco, CA.

    2017 Talk (invited) - Spinal Cord Stimulation 'YES' Better than the Alternatives for FBSS, Invited to talk for MERC Conference, Globus Medical, Valley Forge, PA.

    Sponsor: Globus Medical
    2018 Talk (invited) - Just When You Thought You Had It All Figured Out... North American Neuromodulation Society, Las Vegas, NV.

    2019 Talk -- Mechanism of Action in BurstDR Waveforms. North American Neuromodulation Society, Las Vegas, NV.

    2019 Talk (invited) - Integrating Neuromodulation Devices for Managing Pain Into Your Practice: Spine, Head and Face, Post-Stroke, Periphery, Other. American Association of Neurological Surgeons Practical Course, San Diego, CA.

    2019 Talk (invited) - Neuromonitoring: Changing My Life in Neurosurgery. American Society of Neurophysiological Monitoring Fall Symposium, Boston, MA.

    2020 Talk (invited) - Advanced Waveforms and Programming. North American Neuromodulation Society, Las Vegas, NV.

    2020 Talk (invited) - Placement of SCS Leads Under General Anesthesia. North American Neuromodulation Society, Las Vegas, NV.

    2020 Talk (invited) - SCS - Waveforms and Mechanisms of Action. Congress of Neurological Surgeons - Pain Section Meeting

    2020 Talk (invited Webinar) - Varilift-C as a Better Solution for Non-Contiguous and Adjacent Segment Anterior Cervical Fusion, Wenzel Spine Series

    Sponsor: Wenzel Spine
    2020 Moderator and Panelist (invited) Computational Modeling in Neuromodulation American Society of Pain and Neuroscience

    2020 Talk (invited Webinar) - Functional Anatomy in Spinal Cord Stimulation, North American Neuromodulation Society

    2022 Panel (invited) - Discussion Regarding Minimally Invasive Techniques in Pain, American Society for Pain and Neuroscience

    International

    2006 Talk - (invited) Decisionmaking in Neurosurgery and the Addition of Intraoperative Monitoring: Commentary and Examples, 1st European Symposium, Implementation and Improvement of Intraoperative Neurophysiological Monitoring, Groningen, Netherlands.

    2006 Talk - (invited) Computational Model of the Parkinsonian Basal Ganglia and the Effect of DBS, International Society of Intraoperative Neurophysiology - 5th International Symposium, New York, USA.

    2006 Talk - (invited) Motor Cortex Stimulation for Parkinson's Disease: Initial Lahey Experience, International Society of Intraoperative Neurophysiology - 5th International Symposium, New York, USA.

    2007 Talk - (invited) Computational Model of Sensory and Motor Cortex and the Effect of Motor Cortex Stimulation of Pain Signaling, International Society of Intraoperative Neurophysiology - 1st Congress, Lucerne, Switzerland.

    2010 Talk - (invited) UNCuS as a tool for Computational Neuroscience Studies, University of Lubeck, Graduate Seminars, University of Lubeck, Germany.

    2010 Talk - (invited) DBS Field Effect on Transiting Axons, European Society for Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery, Athens, Greece,

    2010 Talk -- DBS Field Effect on Transiting Axons. American Society for Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery, New York, NY.

    2011 Talk - (invited) Computational Modeling of the Human Spinal Cord Circuitry, International Society of Intraoperative Neurophysiology - 3rd Congress, Barcelona, Spain.

    2011 Talk - (invited) Computational Approaches Toward Understanding Mechanisms in Functional Neurosurgery, International Society of Intraoperative Neurophysiology - 3rd Congress, Barcelona, Spain.

    2012 Talk -- Mechanism of Therapeutic Benefit with Dorsal Column Stimulation Using a Computational Model of the Spinal Cord with Clinical Correlation, European Society for Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery, 20th Congress, Lisbon, Portugal.

    2013 Moderator - (invited) World Society for Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery Biennial Meeting, Tokyo, Japan.

    2013 Talk (invited) - Surgical Methodology, Decisions, and Approach in Deep Brain Stimulation, Educational Session, International Society of Intraoperative Neurophysiology Meeting, Capetown, South Africa.

    2013 Talk (invited) - Computational Modeling of the Spinal Cord and its Practical Applications, International Society of Intraoperative Neurophysiology Meeting, Breakfast Seminar, Capetown, South Africa.

    2014 Talk (invited) - Computational Modeling in Neuromodulation: Theory and Practice, Invited Louis Journee International Retirement Symposium, Groningen, Netherlands.

    2014 Talk (invited) - Computational Approaches Toward Device Design and Placement, European Society for Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery, Maastricht, Netherlands.

    2015 Talk -- Understanding Fiber Selectivity in Vagus Nerve Stimulation - Fiber Selectivity, International Society of Intraoperative Neurophysiology, Rio de Janiero, Brazil.

    2015 Talk -- Mechanism of High Frequency Stimulation, International Neuromodulation Society, Montreal, Canada.

    2015 Talk (invited) - Spinal Cord Stimulation Intraoperative Techniques - Troubleshooting Tricks and Tips and Case Studies for Decisionmaking, St Jude Medical, Fellows Course, Antwerp, Belgium.

    Sponsor: St. Jude Medical, Inc.
    2015 Talk (invited) - How to Approach Low Back Pain: A Neurosurgeon's Perspective, St Jude Medical, Fellows Course, Antwerp, Belgium.

    Sponsor: St. Jude Medical, Inc.
    2016 Talk (invited) - DBS Surgery: Basics and Decisionmaking, International Society of Intraoperative Neurophysiology Teaching Course, Groeningen, Netherlands.

    2017 Talk -- DBS May Lead to Paradoxical Addition of Information in Axons of Passage Through the VTA, International Neuromodulation Society, Edinburgh, Scotland.

    2017 Moderator (invited) - International Neuromodulation Society, Edinburgh, Scotland.

    2017 Talk (invited) - Why the DLPFC is the Coolest Part of the Brain, Neuromodulation Society of Australia and New Zealand, Adelaide, Australia.

    2017 Talk -- New Trial Technique to Aid in Determining Candidates for Trigeminial Branch Stimulation, International Society of Intraoperative Neurophysiology, Seoul, Korea.

    2017 Talk -- Loss of Large Fiber Stimulation with High Frequency (10kHz) Spinal Cord Stimulation, International Society of Intraoperative Neurophysiology, Seoul, Korea.

    2018 Moderator (invited) - International Society of Intraoperative Neurophysiology, Madrid, Spain.

    2017 Talk (invited) - Spinal Cord Stimulation: So, How Does It Work?, Spine Intervention Society, San Francisco, CA.

    2018 Moderator (invited) - IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, Honolulu, HI.

    2018 Talk -- Computational Modeling Insights into Mechanisms of Action in Ultra-High Frequency Spinal Cord Stimulation, IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, Honolulu, HI.

    2019 Talk -- Controlling Spinal Cord Activation During Delivery of SCS Therapy in Patients with High Degree of Movement in the Spinal Canal, International Neuromodulation Society, Sydney, Australia.

    2019 Talk (invited) - Neuromodulation - Can it Make Use Smarter? International Neuromodulation Society, Sydney, Australia.

    2019 Talk (invited) - The Human Spinal Cord Connectome, International Neuromodulation Society, Sydney, Australia.

    2019 Talk -- Robustness in Complex Neural Circuitry Simulations, IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, Berlin, Germany.

    2019 Talk (invited) - Computational Modeling As a Basis for Research in Neurosurgery - Spinal Cord Stimulation: Placement Under General Anesthesia, Tiayuan Peoples Hospital, Department of Neurosurgery, Tiayuan, Shaanxi Province, China.

    2019 Talk (invited) - Centers of Excellence in Functional Neurosurgery, Tiayuan Peoples Hospital, Department of Neurosurgery, Tiayuan, Shaanxi Province, China.

    2019 Moderator (invited) - Three Sessions - International Society of Intraoperative Neurophysiology, Vienna, Austria.

    2019 Panel Discussant (invited) - Artificial Intelligence in IONM, International Society of Intraoperative Neurophysiology, Vienna, Austria.

    2019 Talk (invited) - Advances in Deep Brain Stimulation Surgery, International Society of Intraoperative Neurophysiology, Vienna, Austria.

    2019 Talk (invited) - IOM in Functional Neurosurgery, International Society of Intraoperative Neurophysiology, Vienna, Austria.

    2019 8 Lectures over 2 days (1 hr./each) on Stereotact/DBS - Educational Course, International Society of Intraoperative Neurophysiology, Vienna, Austria.

    2019 4 Sessions with Cadaver Teaching (45 degrees each) - Advanced Cadaver Course, 15th Neurostimulation Course: Clinical and Basic Science for the Management of the Chronic Pain Patient, European Society for Reginal Anesthesia and Pain Treatment (ESRA - Spain), Barcelona, Spain.

    2019 Talk (invited) - Supraspinal Neuromodulation for Pain. 15th Neurostimulation Course: Clinical and Basic Science for the Management of the Chronic Pain Patient, European Society for Regional Anesthesia and Pain Treatment (ESRA - Spain), Barcelona, Spain.

    2020 Talk (invited) - Placement of SCS Paddle Leads Under General Anesthesia, Barcelona, Spain.

    2020 Talk (invited Webinar) - SCS - Troubleshooting, Tricks, Tips, and Case Studies for Decisionmaking, International Neuromodulation Society.

    2020 Talk (invited Webinar) - Computational Modeling Brings Out New Theory of Spinal Cord Stimulation Mechanism of Action, International Neuromodulation Society.

    2021 Talk -- Robustness and Complexity in Neural Circuitry Simulations, IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society.

    2021 Talk and Moderator -- Vagus Nerve Stimulation - Theory and Gen. Surg. Tech., International Neuromodulation Society.

    2023 Talk -- Control Systems Theory and Closed Loop Devices in Neuromodulation: The How and Why, Greenland Arctic Stereotactic Neurosurgery Conference, Illulissat.

    Report of Clinical Activities and Innovations

    Current Licensure and Certification

    1999- Massachusetts Medical License

    2003- American Board of Neurological Surgery

    Practice Activities

    1999-2012 Neurosurgery Lahey Clinic Full Time - Senior Staff

    2012-2022 Neurosurgery Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center 2 days/week OR, 1 day/week clinic

    2013-2022 Neurosurgery Mt. Auburn Hospital 1 day/week OR, 1 day/week clinic

    Clinical Innovations

    First DBS Surgery for Parkinsons Disease in New England

    At a time when DBS was only being explored in movement disorders in a few locations nationally and internationally, and in a normally very competitive academic and clinical environment, we still were the first center to perform DBS for PD in New England.

    First Use of Cingulate Stimulation for Chronic Pain in the US

    The cingulate gyrus is known to be a participant in central pain processing and lesions of the region had been tried by several historically with mixed results. Electrical stimulation is reversible and programmable and had not been tried in refractory central pain cases. Two cases were done off-label; one with marginal results and one with no benefit, and neither with complications.
    First Use of Motor Cortex Stimulation for Parkinsons Disease in the US

    Because stimulation of the motor cortex had been shown by several groups in Italy to be beneficial in PD patients, and because it is less invasive and easier for the patient, we did an IRB-approved pilot study at our center here in the US - results were mixed, though slightly favorable, and published (see Peer-Reviewed Publications).

    First Use of Intradiskal Stimulation for Mechanical Discogenic Back Pain in the World

    Refractory mechanical back pain is a large, costly, international problem that generally relies on fusion in severe cases as a treatment. A novel idea to treat this type of pain with stimulation within the degenerate disk space (where there are pain-generating nerve endings), and this had not been reported previously. Results were presented at the North American Neuromodulation Society Meeting in Las Vegas and written about in Pain News following. The idea is currently being evaluated further by Medtronic.

    First Investigational Device Exemption (IDE) to study use of DBS to Treat Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) in US

    OCD is a prevalent disorder that has now been further studied and found to respond reasonably well to DBS. At the time, only 4 patients in the Netherlands had been treated with DBS and had promising results. We put together the first approved IDE for this in the US. Eventually, Medtronic sponsored a larger trial and two of the included institutions were in our same region with larger centers and no patients were able to be enrolled in our study.

    Early Use

    Early-Use Clinician chosen by companies for first or earliest use of new products or therapies in the neuromodulation and spinal cord stimulation space over the past several years including Abbott Labs (previously St. Jude Medical), Boston Scientific, and Medtronic.

    Report of Technological and Other Scientific Innovations

    Method/Device for Treating Spinal Cord Injury

    • US Patent # (claiming benefit of provisional patent app. #60/881,056), Application # 12/009, 176: Spinal Cord Implant System and Methods
      • This is a patent for the method and device to treat cord damage within the mid and lower thoracic spinal cord and paraplegia by implantation of two microelectrode arrays within the cord itself (one above the injured region, and one within the conus medullaris below the injury) to both record intended movement signals from the brain in the upper array and the generation of movement by stimulation in various patterns through the lower array. With some training, the patient can link the intended movements with the stimulation patterns and have increased ability to transfer and possibly ambulate.

    Method/Device for Chronic Maintenance of Cognitive Fitness

    • US Patent #8909344B2: Head Worn Brain Stimulation Device and Method
      • This is a patent describing a method for stimulation of the dorsolateral pre-frontal cortex with subthreshold stimulation using a head-worn device in order to lessen cognitive decline over several years. The stimulation level is in frequency and amplitude is well within safety levels required by the FDA currently.

    Method for Using Novel Waveform and Algorithm to Maintain Therapeutic Window Treatment in Spinal Cord Stimulation Therapy

    • US Provisional Patent (in review at USPTO): Novel Method and Waveform for Automatic Programming and Treatment with Spinal Cord Stimulation
      • This is a use of new waveform and method for maintaining therapeutic window SCS therapy and eliminating discomfort without allowing the therapy to go below the therapy window.

    Closed-Loop Neural Optimization with Conditioning Pulses

    Provisional Patent Submission (A0008034US01): Novel Method of Using Evoked Potentials in the Spinal Cord to Adjust Stimulation

    Software for Modeling of Neural Circuitry Simulations

    • UNCuS - Over 20 years of Use and Refinement
      • 'UNCuS' is an acronym for Universal Neural Circuitry Simulator and is a sophisticated software program that allows users to readily simulate individual neurons and large scale neural circuitry models including non-linear membrane properties and dendritic processing, axonal delays, and sophisticated synaptic configurations. We have now used it to model DBS and the basal ganglia, motor cortex stimulation, and the cortical and thalamo-cortical circruitry involved, as well as SCS and the circuitry of the spinal cord, and vagus nerve stimulation and related brainstem circuitry.

    Method for Placement of Spinal Cord Stimulators Under General Anesthesia

    • Conception and Refinement of Technique for Using EMG via Stimulation through the placed electrode to determine optimal electrode placement - used by many centers either directly or in variation
      • We were not the first to try to use some type of stimulation to assess localization of the SCS electrode in asleep patients, but we refined and advanced the technique and showed the physiological basis of the technique. It is safer, faster, and more accurate than the previous method.

    Method/Software for Simulation of Neural Circuitry to Refine and Streamline Drug Proposal

    • US Patent in preparation; Process and Initial Testing in Progress
      • This project is in early stages but uses the ability of the UNCuS software to model the dynamics of putative drug molecules on neural circuitry. Membrane changes and synaptic changes can be putinto the model mimicking the effects of various molecular candidates. The neural dynamics within the circuitry can be assessed for efficacy or side effects and thereby streamline the early screening process that usually involves extensive animal studies.

    Report of Education of Patients and Service to the Community

    Activities

    No activities below were sponsored by outside entities.

    1999- Numerous lectures and presentations

    Community Parkinsons Disease Support Groups throughout New England
    2008-2010 Guest Lecturer, Functional Neurosurgery

    Department of Biological Sciences, Phillips Academy, Andover, MA
    2008-2016 Guest Lecturer, The Nervous System and Live Brain Cutting, 5th grade science

    The Fenn School, Concord, MA
    2018-2021 Board of Trustees

    Renbrook School, West Hartford, CT
    2018-2021 Member of Trustee Board Finance Committee

    Renbrook School, West Hartford, CT

    Educational Material for Patients and the Lay Community

    Books, monographs, articles, and presentations in other media

    No educational materials below were sponsored by outside entities.

    2002 Article in Newspaper -- Brain Waves of the Future Now Boston Globe

    2002 Tv Show on DBS Surgery Discovery Health Network

    2003 Short Piece on a Surgery for Dystonia Channel 5 Boston

    2008 Article about Innovative Clinical Work to Treat Back Pain Using IntraDiskal Stimulation - Presented at NANS, Las Vegas Pain News

    2012 Article about Innovative Research Using Computational Models of the Spinal Cord COMSOL News and IEEE Spectrum

    2013 Spinal Cord Stimulation CBS Boston Highlight

    2018 Cover Blurb on Book by Fenway Head Grounds-Keeper, Dave Mellor, One Base At A Time: How I Survived PTSD and Found My Field of Dreams

    2019 Highlight on Sydney Family Support and Research in Parkinsons Disease Inside Surgery, BIDMC Dept. of Surgery magazine

    Recognition

    2009 Who's Who US News and World Report

    2011 Top Doctor Boston Magazine

    2017-2022 Top Doctor Boston Magazine

    Report of Scholarship

    Peer-Reviewed Publications in Print or Other Media

    Research Investigations

    1.      Arle JE, Simon RH. An application of fractal dimension to the detection of transients in the electroencephalogram. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol. 1990;75(4):296-305.

    2.      Simon RH, Arle JE. Detection of transients in the human EEG using fractal analysis. J Funct Stereo Neurosurg. 1990;10:248-9.

    3.      Arle JE, Kim DO. Neural modeling of intrinsic and spike-discharge properties of cochlear nucleus neurons. Biol Cybern. 1991;64(4):273-83.

    4.      Arle JE, Kim DO. Simulations of cochlear nucleus neural circuitry: excitatory-inhibitory response-area types I-IV. J Acoust Soc Am. 1991;90(6):3106-21.

    5.      Arle JE, Morriss C, Zimmerman RA, Phillips P, Sutton LN. Prediction of posterior fossa tumor type in children by means of magnetic resonance image properties, spectroscopy, and neural networks. J Neurosurg. 1997;86(5):755-61.

    6.      Alterman RL, Reiter GT, Shils J, Skolnick B, Arle JE, Lesutis M, Simuni T, Colcher A, Stern M, Hurtig H. Targeting for thalamic deep brain stimulator implantation without computer guidance: assessment of targeting accuracy. Stereotact Funct Neurosurg. 1999;72(2-4):150-3.

    7.      Arle JE, Perrine K, Devinsky O, Doyle WK. Neural network analysis of preoperative variables and outcome in epilepsy surgery. J Neurosurg. 1999;90(6):998-1004.

    8.      Abrahams JM, Arle JE, Hurst RW, Flamm ES. Extracranial aneurysms of the posterior inferior cerebellar artery. Cerebrovasc Dis. 2000;10(6):466-70.

    9.      Apetauerova D, Ryan RK, Ro SI, Arle J, Shils J, Papavassiliou E, Tarsy D. End of day dyskinesia in advanced Parkinson's disease can be eliminated by bilateral subthalamic nucleus or globus pallidus deep brain stimulation. Mov Disord. 2006;21(8):1277-9.

    10.   Levy-Tzedek S, Arle J, Apetauerova D, Shils JL, Gould C, Krebs H, Penney D. Impaired visual perception in a patient with idiopathic  Parkinson’s disease with otherwise intact cognitive function. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2006;87(10):e26.

    11.   Arle JE, Apetaurova D, Brophy S, Shils JL. Dyskinesia in Parkinson's disease treated by deep brain stimulation once electrode position was revised: case report. Neuromodulation. 2007;10(3):238-43.

    12.   Levy-Tzedek S, Krebs HI, Shils JL, Apetauerova D, Arle JE. Parkinson's disease: a motor control study using a wrist robot. Advanced Robotics. 2007;21(10):1201-13.

    13.   Arle JE, Mei LZ, Shils JL. Modeling parkinsonian circuitry and the DBS electrode. I. Biophysical background and software. Stereotact Funct Neurosurg. 2008;86(1):1-15.

    14.   Shils JL, Mei LZ, Arle JE.  Modeling parkinsonian circuitry and the DBS electrode. II. Evaluation of a computer simulation model of the basal ganglia with and without subthalamic nucleus stimulation. Stereotact Funct Neurosurg. 2008;86(1):16-29.

    15.   Arle JE, Apetauerova D, Zani J, Deletis V, Penney DL, Hoit D, Gould C, Shils JL. Motor cortex stimulation in patients with Parkinson disease: 12-month follow-up in 4 patients. J Neurosurg. 2008;109(1):133-9.

    16.   Arle JE, Zani J, Shils JL. Intraoperative decisionmaking with MER for STN DBS in PD and the potential relationship to patient selection. Open Neurosurgery Journal. 2011;4(Suppl 1-M3): 36-41.

    17.   Levy-Tzedek  S, Krebs HI, Arle JE, Shils JL, Poizner H.  Rhythmic movement in Parkinson's disease: effects of visual feedback and medication state. Exp Brain Res. 2011;211(2):277-86.

    18.   Schirmer CM, Shils JL, Arle JE, Cosgrove GR, Dempsey PK, Tarlov E, Kim S, Martin CJ, Feltz C, Moul M, Magge S. Heuristic map of myotomal innervation in humans using direct intraoperative nerve root stimulation. J Neurosurg Spine. 2011;15(1):64-70.

    19.   Okun MS, Gallo BV, Mandybur G, Jagid J, Foote KD, Revilla FJ, Alterman R, Jankovic J, Simpson R, Junn F, Verhagen L, Arle JE, Ford B, Goodman RR, Stewart RM, Horn S, Baltuch GH, Kopell BH, Marshall F, Peichel D, Pahwa R, Lyons KE, Tröster AI, Vitek JL, Tagliati M; SJM DBS Study Group. Subthalamic deep brain stimulation with a constant-current device in Parkinson's disease: an open-label randomised controlled trial. Lancet Neurology. 2012;11(2):140-9.

    20.   Shils JL, Arle JE. Intraoperative neurophysiologic methods for spinal cord stimulator placement under general anesthesia. Neuromodulation. 2012;15(6):560-71.

    21.   Arle JE, Carlson KW, Mei LZ, Iftimia N, Shils JL. Mechanism of therapeutic benefit for treating neuropathic and not nociceptive pain using dorsal column stimulation in a computational model. Neuromodulation. 2014;17(7):642-55.

    22.   Arle JE, Carlson KW, Mei LZ, Shils JL. Modeling effects of scar on patterns of dorsal column stimulation. Neuromodulation. 2014;17(4):320-33.

    23.   Arle JE, Carlson KW, Mei LZ. Investigation of mechanisms of vagus nerve stimulation for seizure using finite element modeling. Epilepsy Res. 2016;126:109-18.

    24.   Arle JE, Mei L, Carlson KW, Shils JL High-frequency stimulation of dorsal column axons: potential underlying mechanism of paresthesia-free neuropathic Pain Relief. Neuromodulation. 2016;19(4):385-97.

    25.   Motiei-Langroudi R, Stippler M, Shi S, Adeeb N, Gupta R, Griessenauer CJ, Papavassiliou E, Kasper EM, Arle JE, Alterman RL, Ogilvy CS, Thomas AJ. Factors predicting reoperation of chronic subdural hematoma following primary surgical evacuation. J Neurosurg. 2017;15:1-8.

    26.   Arle JE, Mei LZ, Carlson KW, Shils JL. Theoretical Effect of DBS on Axonal Fibers of Passage: Firing Rates, Entropy, and Information Content. Stereotact Funct Neurosurg. 2018;96(1):1-12.

    27.   Paulk AC, Yousef A, Ellard KK, Farnes K, Peled N, Crocker B, Zelmann R, Vallejo-Lopez D, Belok G, Zorowitz S, Basu I, Afzal A, Gilmour A, Weisholtz DS, Cosgrove GR, Chang BS, Arle JE, Williams ZM, Eden UT, Deckersbach T, Dougherty DD, Eskandar EN, Widge AS, Cash SS. Bidirectional Modulation of Human Emotional Conflict Resolution Using Intracranial Stimulation. October, 2019 – Preprint (BioRkiv).

    28.   Motiei-Langroudi, R, Alterman ,RA, Stippler, M, Phan K, Alturki AY, Papavassiliou E, Kasper EM, Arle JE, Ogilvy CS, Thomas AJ.  Factors Influencing the Presence of Hemiparesis in Chronic Subdural Hematoma. J Neurosurg. 2019;131(6):1926-30.

    29.   Maragkos GA, Motiei-Langroudi R, Arle JE. Safety and Efficacy of the VariLift-C® Cervical Standalone Interbody Fusion Device with emphasis on Multiple-Level and Prior Fusion Cases. Cureus. 2019;11(10):e5885.

    30.   Arle JE, Mei LZ, Carlson KW. Fiber Threshold Accommodation as a Mechanism of Burst and High Frequency Spinal Cord Stimulation. Neuromodulation. 2020;23(5):582-93.

    31.   Maragkos GA, Gomez-Paz S, Salem MM, Baum P, Arle JE. Non-Invasive Testing for Trigeminal Branch Stimulation to Treat Atypical Facial Pain: A Technical Note. Interdisc. Neurosurgery. 2020; 21(9):100767.

    32.   Deer TR, Falowski S, Arle JE, Vesper J, Pilitsis J, Slavin KV, Hancu M, Grider JS, Mogilner AY. A Systematic Literature Review of Brain Neuromodulation Therapies for the Treatment of Pain. Pain Med. 2020;21(7): 1415-20.

    33.   Deer TR, Grider JS, Lamer TJ, Pope JE, Falowski S, Hunter CW, Provenzano DA, Slavin KV, Russo M, Carayannopoulos A, Shah JM, Harned ME, Hagedorn JM, Bolash RB, Arle JE, Kapural L, Amirdelfan K, Jain S, Liem L, Carlson JD, Malinowski MN, Bendel M, Yang A, Aiyer R, Valimahomed A, Antony A, Craig J, Fishman MA, Al-Kaisy AA, Christelis N, Rosenquist RW, Levy RM, Mekhail N. Corrigendum to: A Systematic Literature Review of Spine Neurostimulation Therapies for the Treatment of Pain. Pain Med. 2021;22(1):236.

    34.   Schlesinger S, Krugman K, Abbott D, Arle JE. Thirty-Day Outcomes from Standalone Minimally-Invasive Surgery – Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion Patients in an Ambulatory Surgery Center vs. Hospital Setting. Cureus. 2020;12(9): e10197.

    35.   Arle JE, Carlson KW. Medical Diagnosis is NP-Complete. J Exp Theor AI. 2021;33(2): 297-312.

    36.   Enriquez-Marulanda A, Gomez-Paz S, Salem MM, Mallick A, Motiei-Langroudi R, Arle JE, Stippler M, Papavassiliou E, Alterman RL, Ogilvy CS, Moore JM, Thomas AJ. Middle Meningeal Artery Embolization Versus Conventional Treatment of Chronic Subdural Hematomas. Neurosurgery. 2021 Aug 16;89(3):486-495.

    Other Peer-Reviewed Scholarship

    1.      Arle JE, Judkins AR, Kotapka MJ. Neurosarcoidosis presenting in the pituitary gland with normal endocrine studies. Skull Base Surg. 1999;9(2):149-53.

    2.      Shafa B, Arle JE, Kotapka MJ. Unusual presentations of middle fossa encephaloceles: report of two cases. Skull Base Surg. 1999;9(4):289-94.

    3.      Arle JE, Zager EL. Surgical treatment of common entrapment neuropathies in the upper limbs. Muscle Nerve. 2000;23(8):1160-74.

    4.      Arle JE, Abrahams JM, Zager EL, Taylor CL, Galetta SL. Pupil-sparing third nerve palsy with preoperative improvement from a posterior communicating artery aneurysm. Surg Neurol. 2002;57(6):423-6.

    5.      Levy-Tzedek S, Arle J, Apetauerova D, Shils JL, Gould C, Krebs H. Clinical score improves while motor performance deteriorates in a Parkinsonian patient with deep brain stimulation: a case report. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2006;87(10):e25-6.

    6.      Arle JE, Shils JL.  Neurosurgical decision-making with IOM: DBS surgery.  Neurophysiol Clin. 2007;37(6):449-55.

    7.      Arle JE, Shils JL.  Motor cortex stimulation for pain and movement disorders. Neurotherapeutics. 2008;5(1):37-49.

    8.      Morrison JF, Sung, KE, Bergman AM, Rosenblatt MS, Arle JE. A novel solution to reduce the complications of distal shunt catheter displacement associated with obesity. J Neurosurg. 2010;113(6):1314-6.

    9.      Apetauerova D, Schirmer, C, Shils JL, Zani J, Arle JE. Successful bilateral deep brain stimulation of the globus pallidus internus for persistent status dystonicus and generalized chorea. J Neurosurg. 2010;113(3):634-8.

    10.   Morrison J, Shils JL, Deletis V, Arle JE. Intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring in acute paralysis from spinal cord epidural abscess. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 2013;115(3):346-50.

    11.   Jang SS, Arle JE, Gill JS, Simopoulos TT. Case series on variable presentation of ligamentum flavum stimulation following percutaneous cylindrical spinal cord stimulator lead implants. Pain Physician. 2014;17(3):397-403.

    12.   Lam FC, Arle JE, Glazer PA, Kasper EM. Primary extradural tumors of the spine - case review with evidence-guided management. Surg Neurol Int. 2014;28:5 (Suppl 7):S373-5.

    13.   Sweet JA, Mitchell LS, Narouze S, Sharan AD, Falowski SM, Schwalb JM, Machado A, Rosenow JM, Petersen EA, Hayek SM, Arle JE, Pilitsis JG. Occipital nerve stimulation for the treatment of patients with medically refractory occipital neuralgia: Congress of Neurological Surgeons systematic review and evidence-based guideline. Neurosurgery. 2015;77(3):332-41.

    14.   Lytton WW, Arle JE, Bobashev G, Ji S, Klassen TL, Marmarelis VZ, Schwaber J, Sherif MA, Sanger TD. Multiscale modeling in the clinic: diseases of the brain and nervous system. Brain Inform. 2017;4(4):219-230.

    15.   Deer TR, Lamer TJ, Pope JE, Falowski SM, Provenzano DA, Slavin K, Golovac S, Arle JE, Rosenow JM, Williams K, McRoberts P, Narouze S, Eldabe S, Lad SP, De Andrés JA, Buchser E, Rigoard P, Levy RM, Simpson B, Mekhail N. The Neurostimulation Appropriateness Consensus Committee (NACC): Safety guidelines for the reduction of severe neurological injury. Neuromodulation. 2017;20(1):15-30.

    16.   Deer TR, Narouze S, Provenzano DA, Pope JE, Falowski SM, Russo MA, Benzon H, Slavin K, Pilitsis JG, Alo K, Carlson JD, McRoberts P, Lad SP, Arle JE, Levy RM, Simpson B, Mekhail N. The Neurostimulation Appropriateness Consensus Committee (NACC): Recommendations on bleeding and coagulation management in neurostimulation devices. Neuromodulation. 2017; 20(1):51-62.

    17.   Ardaillon H, Laviv Y, Arle JE, Kasper EM. Lumbar disk herniation during pregnancy: a review on general management and timing of surgery. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 2018; 160(7):1361-1370.

    18.   Shils JL, Arle JE. Neuromonitoring for Spinal Cord Stimulation Lead Placement Under General Anesthesia. J Clin Neurol. 2018;14(4):444-453.

    19.   Buhl LK, Bastos AB, Pollard RJ, Arle JE, Thomas GP, Song Y, Boone MD. Neurophysiologic Intraoperative Monitoring for Spine Surgery: A Practical Guide from Past to Present. J Int Care Med. 2020 Sep 28;885066620962453. Online ahead of print.

    20.   Carlson KW, Shils JL, Patel S, Mei LZ, Arle JE. Computational Modeling of Deep Brain Stimulation for Parkinsons Disease: A Critical Review. OBM NeuroBiology. 2021;5(2)29.

    21.   Su PP, Arle J, Poree L. Closing the loop and raising the bar: Automated control systems in neuromodulation. Pain Pract. 2024 Jan;24(1):177-185. doi: 10.1111/papr.13290. Epub 2023 Aug 28. PMID: 37638532.

    22.   Staudt MD, Hayek SM, Rosenow JM, Narouze S, Arle JE, Pilitsis JG, Schwalb JM, Falowski SM, Sweet JA. Congress of Neurological Surgeons Systematic Review and Evidence-Based Guidelines for Occipital Nerve Stimulation for the Treatment of Patients With Medically Refractory Occipital Neuralgia: Update. Neurosurgery. 2023 Sep 1;93(3):493-495. doi: 10.1227/neu.0000000000002578. Epub 2023 Jul 17. PMID: 37458729.

    23.   Arle JE, Dinsmoor D, Sharan A, Nedrud J, Mueller J, Litvak L. Spinal ECAP Morphology: Decoding the Spinal Cord with an Indicator of Lead Position, Neuromodulation 2023 June 2023 26(4) S40 suppl.

    24.   Arle JE, Mekhail N, Staats P, Falowski S, Single P, Poree L. A Review of Automated Control Systems in the Design of Neuromodulation Therapies. Neuromodulation 2022 October 2022 25(7) S178-9 suppl.

    25.   Arle JE and Mei LZ. Computational Investigation of Complexity and Robustness in Neural Circuits. J Comp Sci Syst Biol, 2022 15(4) ISSN: 0974-7230

    26.   North RB, Lempka SF, Guan Y, Air EL, Poree LR, Shipley J, Arle J, Rigoard P, Thomson S. Glossary of Neurostimulation Terminology: A Collaborative Neuromodulation Foundation, Institute of Neuromodulation, and International Neuromodulation Society Project. Neuromodulation. 2022 Oct;25(7):1050-1058. doi: 10.1016/j.neurom.2021.10.010. Epub 2021 Dec 18. PMID: 35088746.

    27.   Arle JE, Mei L, Carlson KW. Robustness in Neural Circuits. 2020 Aug 6. In: Makarov SN, Noetscher GM, Nummenmaa A, editors. Brain and Human Body Modeling 2020: Computational Human

    28.   Models Presented at EMBC 2019 and the BRAIN Initiative® 2019 Meeting [Internet]. Cham (CH): Springer; 2021. PMID: 32966019.

    29.   Shils JL, Arle JE, Gonzalez A. Neurophysiology during movement disorder surgery. Handb Clin Neurol. 2022;186:123-132. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-819826-1.00004-1. PMID: 35772882.

    30.   Montenegro TS, Ali R, Arle JE. Closed-Loop Systems in Neuromodulation: Electrophysiology and Wearables. Neurosurg Clin N Am. 2022 Jul;33(3):297-303. doi: 10.1016/j.nec.2022.02.008. Epub 2022 May 26. PMID: 35718399.

    31.   Carlson KW, Shils JL, Mei L, Arle JE. Functional Requirements of Small- and Large-Scale Neural Circuitry Connectome Models. 2020 Aug 6. In: Makarov SN, Noetscher GM, Nummenmaa A, editors. Brain and Human Body Modeling 2020: Computational Human Models Presented at EMBC 2019 and the BRAIN Initiative® 2019 Meeting [Internet]. Cham (CH): Springer; 2021. PMID: 32966025.

    Non-Peer Reviewed Scientific or Medical Publications/Materials in Print or Other Media

    Textbooks

    1. Essential Neuromodulation (Arle JE and Shils JL (eds), 1st Edition, Elsevier-Academic Press, London), 2011.
    2. Innovative Neuromodulation (Arle JE and Shils JL (eds), 1st Edition, Elsevier-Academic Press, London), 2017.
    3. The Neuromodulation Casebook (Arle JE and Shils JL (eds), 1st Edition, Elsevier-Academic Press, London), 2020.
    4. Essential Neuromodulation (Arle JE (ed), 2nd Edition, Elsevier-Academic Press, London), 2022.

    Proceedings of meetings or other non-peer reviewed scholarship

    1.      Simon RH, Arle JE. Detection of EEG transients by changes in dimensional complexity. Proc IEEE 17th Annual NE Bioengineering Conf, 37, 1991.

    2.      Arle JE, Alterman R. Neural network predictions of outcome from posteroventral pallidotomy. In: Artificial Neural Networks in Medicine and Biology (Proc. ANNIMAB-I Conf. Gottborg, Sweden, May, 2000). Malmgren H, Borga M, Niklasson L (eds), Springer-Verlag, London, pp157-161, 2000.

    3.      Arle JE, Shils JL, Malik WQ. Localized stimulation and recording in the spinal cord with microelectrode arrays. Conf. Proc. IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc. 2012; 2012:1851-4.

    Reviews, chapters, monographs and editorials

    1.      Arle JE, Kim DO. A Modeling Study of Single Neurons and Neural Circuits of the Ventral and Dorsal Cochlear Nucleus. In: Analysis and Modeling of Neural Systems. F Eeckman, ed. Boston, MA: Kluwer Academic Press, 1991.

    2.      Arle JE, Alterman R. Surgical options in Parkinson’s disease. Med Clin North Am. 1999;83(2):483-498.

    3.      Arle JE. Surgical Treatments for Epilepsy. In: Netter’s Neurology. Jones HR, ed. Teterboro, NJ: Medimedia, 2005.

    4.      Arle JE. Surgical Treatments for Movement Disorders. In: Netter’s Neurology. HR Jones, ed. Teterboro, NJ: Medimedia, 2005.

    5.      Arle JE, Ward TN. Current Management of Cervical Dystonia. In: Schmidek and Sweet Operative Neurosurgical Techniques: Indications, Methods, and Results, 5th edition. Schmidek HH, Roberts DW, eds. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier, 2006.

    6.      Shils JL, Arle JE, Alterman R. DBS Fault Testing. In: Deep Brain Stimulation in Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders. Tarsy D,  Okun  M, Vitek J, and Starr P, eds. Humana Press, 2008.

    7.      Arle JE, Shils JL, Canavero S. Extradural Cortical Stimulation for Central Pain. In: Textbook of Therapeutic Cortical Stimulation. Canvero, ed. Nova Publishers, 2009.

    8.      Canavero S, Arle JE, Shils JL. Neuroimaging and Neurophysiological Studies of ECS for Chronic Pain. In: Textbook of Therapeutic Cortical Stimulation. Canvero, ed. Nova Publishers, 2009.

    9.      Arle JE. Invited book review of Neuroengineering (DiLorenzo and Bronzino, eds, CRC Press).  Stereotact Funct Neurosurg. 2009;87:200-201.

    10.   Arle JE. Development of a Classic: The Todd-Wells Apparatus, the BRW, and the CRW Stereotactic Frames. In: Textbook of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery, 2nd edition. Gildenberg, Tasker, Lozano, eds. Springer-Verlag, 2009.

    11.   Shils JL, Arle JE. Evoked Potentials in Functional Neurosurgery. In: Textbook of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery, 2nd edition. Gildenberg, Tasker, Lozano, eds. Springer-Verlag, 2009.

    12.   Arle JE. The Neuromodulation Approach. In: Essential Neuromodulation. Arle, Shils, eds. Elsevier, 2011.

    13.   Arle JE. Surgical Techniques. In: Essential Neuromodulation. Arle, Shils, eds. Elsevier, 2011.

    14.   Arle JE. Evidence-based medicine: fact or fiction? World Neurosurg. 2011;76:45–47.

    15.   Shils JL, Arle JE. Anesthesia Considerations in DBS Surgery. In; Monitoring the Nervous System for Anesthesiologists and Other Health Care Professionals. Koht A, Sloan TB, Tolekis JR, eds. Springer, 2011.

    16.   Arle JE, Shils JL. Treatment Applications of Cortical Stimulation. In: Youmans Neurological Surgery. Winn HR, ed. Elsevier, 2011.

    17.   Oster J, Arle JE, Cosgrove GR. Surgical Treatments for Epilepsy. In: Netter’s Neurology, 2nd edition. HR Jones et al. eds. Teterboro, NJ: Medimedia, 2011.

    18.   Apetauerova D, Leegwater-Kim J, Arle JE. Surgical Treatments for Movement Disorders. In: Netter’s Neurology, 2nd edition. HR Jones et al. eds. Teterboro, NJ: Medimedia, 2011.

    19.   Markman J, Arle JE. Surgical Treatments for Chronic Pain Syndromes. In: Netter’s Neurology, 2nd edition. HR Jones et al. eds. Teterboro, NJ: Medimedia, 2011.

    20.   Shils JL, Arle JE. Monitoring During Surgery for Movement Disorders. In: Intraoperative Monitoring Techniques in Neurosurgery. Loftus CM, Traynelis VC, eds. McGraw-Hill, 2012.

    21.   Arle JE, Shils JL Programming. In: Textbook of Cortical Brain Stimulation De Gruyter 2015:51-5.

    22.   Arle JE, Shils JL Electrophysiological Localization. In: Textbook of Cortical Brain Stimulation De Gruyter 2015:28-33.

    23.   Arle JE. Complications and Their Avoidance. In: Textbook of Cortical Brain Stimulation De Gruyter 2015:58-66.

    24.   Arle JE, Carlson KW. The use of dynamic computational models of neural circuitry to streamline new drug development. Drug Discovery Today. 2016;19:69-76.

    25.   Shils JL, Arle JE Intraoperative Neurophysiology for Spinal Cord Stimulation Under General Anesthesia for the Treatment of Pain in the Rehabilitation Patient. In: Comprehensive Pain Management in the Rehabilitation Patient. Carayannopoulos A, ed. Springer International Publishing, 2017: 695-702.

    26.   Shils JL, Apetauerova D, Mokeem AA, Arle JE, Deep Brain Stimulation. In: Monitoring the Nervous System for Anesthesiologists and Other Health Care Professionals. Koht A, Sloan TB, Toleikis JR, eds. Springer International Publishing, 2017:71-86.

    27.   Arle JE. Waveform Variation in Neuromodulation. In: Innovative Neuromodulation. Arle JE, Shils JL, eds. Elsevier, 2017.

    28.   Shils JL, Arle JE. Neuromodulation as a Bypass – Spinal Cord Injury. In: Innovative Neuromodulation. Arle JE, Shils JL, eds. Elsevier, 2017.

    29.   Shils JL, Sani S, Kochanksi R, Kerolus M, Arle JE. Recording Techniques Related to Deep Brain Stimulation for Movement Disorders and Responsive Stimulation for Epilepsy. In: Neidermeyer’s Electroencephalography: Basic Principles, Clinical Applications, and Related Fields, 7th edition.  Schomer DL, Lopes da Silva FH, eds. Oxford University Press, 2018: 980-996.

    30.   Arle JE. Spinal Cord Stimulation Using High Frequency and Burst Waveform Variation. In: Functional Neurosurgery: The Essentials. Brown JA, Pilitsis JG, Schulder M, eds. Thieme, Chapter 35, 2019.

    31.   Arle JE. Introduction. In: The Neuromodulation Casebook. Arle JE, ed. Elsevier, 2020.

    32.   Arle JE. Paddle Placement for FBSS. In: The Neuromodulation Casebook. Arle JE, ed. Elsevier, 2020.

    33.   Arle JE. Paddle Placement in the Cervical Spine Region. In: The Neuromodulation Casebook. Arle JE, ed. Elsevier, 2020.

    34.   Arle JE. Paddle Trial After a Prior Fusion. In: The Neuromodulation Casebook. Arle JE, ed. Elsevier, 2020.

    35.   Arle JE. Complications Involving SCS and IPGs. In: The Neuromodulation Casebook. Arle JE, ed. Elsevier, 2020.

    36.   Arle JE. Case Example and Trial for Peripheral Nerve Stimulation. In: The Neuromodulation Casebook. Arle JE, ed. Elsevier, 2020.

    37.   Arle JE. Peripheral Field Stimulation for Back Pain. In: The Neuromodulation Casebook. Arle JE, ed. Elsevier, 2020.

    38.   Arle JE. Peripheral Field Stimulation for Atypical Face Pain. In: The Neuromodulation Casebook. Arle JE, ed. Elsevier, 2020.

    39.   Arle JE. Occipital Nerve Stimulation: Trial and Permanent. In: The Neuromodulation Casebook. Arle JE, ed. Elsevier, 2020.

    40.   Arle JE. Miscellaneous Peripheral Nerve Stimulations. In: The Neuromodulation Casebook. Arle JE, ed. Elsevier, 2020.

    41.   Arle JE. New Vagus Nerve Stimulation Lead and IPG Placement. In: The Neuromodulation Casebook. Arle JE, ed. Elsevier, 2020.

    42.   Arle JE. Revision or Removal of Vagus Nerve Electrode and IPG. In: The Neuromodulation Casebook. Arle JE, ed. Elsevier, 2020.

    43.   Arle JE. Responsive Neural Stimulation Placement for Epilepsy. In: The Neuromodulation Casebook. Arle JE, ed. Elsevier, 2020.

    44.   Carlson KW, Shils JL, Mei LZ, Arle JE. Functional Requirements of Small- and Large-Scale Neural Circuitry Connectome Models. In: Brain and Human Body Modeling. Makarov et al., eds. Springer, 2020.

    45.   Arle JE, Mei LZ, Carlson KW. Robustness in Neural Circuits. In: Brain and Human Body Modeling. Makarov et al., eds. Springer, 2020.

    46.   Shils, JL, Moul, M, and Arle, JE. Neuromonitoring for Spinal Cord Stimulation Placement Under General Anesthesia. In: Neurophysiology in Neurosurgery: A Modern Approach, 2nd edition. Deletis V, Shils JL, Sala F, and Seidel K, eds. Chapter 37; Elsevier, 2020.

    47.   Stecker MM, Arle JE. Surgery for Epilepsy in Neurophysiology. In: Neurosurgery: A Modern Approach, 2nd edition. Deletis V, Shils JL, Sala F, and Seidel K, eds. Chapter 32; Elsevier, 2020.

    48.   Arle JE, Shils JL. Neurophysiological Monitoring for Movement Disorders Surgery. In: Youmans and Winn Neurological Surgery, 8th edition. Winn HR, ed. Chapter 114; Elsevier, in press.

    49.   Arle JE, Shils JL. Motor Cortex Stimulation for Pain and Movement Disorders. In: Youmans and Winn Neurological Surgery, 8th edition. Winn HR, ed. Chapter 128; Elsevier, in press.

    Thesis

    1.      Arle JE. Neural modeling of the cochlear nucleus (January 1, 1992). Dissertations Collection for University of Connecticut. Paper AAI9232990. http://digitalcommons.uconn.edu/dissertations/AAI9232990